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What is a desert

A desert is a landscape region that receives very little precipitation. For a peice of land to be classified as a desert it must receive less than 250 mm of precipitation per year. Because of such a low level of precipitation deserts are known for supporting very little forms of life. With that said though, with a closer look deserts still have a wide variety of life. These desert creatures normally remain hidden, especially true during the daylight hours, to preserver moisture.

Roughly one third of the world's land surface is desert. Most commonly deserts around the world have similar characteristics. Sand Dunes can often times be present in deserts as the desert soil is mostly comprised of sand. Typically rocky terrain will be exposed in certain regions, which will reveal a sparseness of vegetation, and soil development. Wind driven forces are major factors in what shape desert landscapes.

Some of the largest and most known deserts in the world include:
Sahara
Kalahari
Namib
Judean Desert
Simpson Desert
Great Sandy Desert
Sturt's Stony Desert
Little Desert
Taklamakan
Rangipo Desert

Often times, deserts contain valuable mineral deposits. These are often regions that were formed in the arid environment or that were exposed by erosion. Deserts are also ideal locations for human artifacts and fossils to be preserved because of their dry climate.

Most of the major deserts of the world are trade wind deserts which means that: dry winds dissipate cloud cover, which in turn allows more sunlight to heat the land. The second largest desert in the world, the Sahara of North Africa, which has seen temperatures as high as 56°C, is a trade wind desert.

05:28 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

Whale Watching - 5 Things You Should Know

Whale watching is the biggest show on earth. With the ocean as their stage, the spellbinding and entertaining whales put on daily star performances for the whale watch cruises visiting their feeding grounds. In this article you’ll discover how to get the most out of your trip.

Picture this... a warm summer afternoon on a boat in a gentle rolling ocean. A cooling breeze softly massages your face where you sit, and you begin to close your eyes and drift away... the sound of the boat’s engine begins to fade and finally stops. The boat, like you, is drifting over the waves and following the breeze. It’s very peaceful and calm and after a stressful week at work you finally feel in harmony with the world.

Then something explodes... out of the water... and only a few feet from your nose! A 30-ton humpback... the length of a large house... it breaches... and in another second is gone. And you’re left in disbelief and wonder. And it’s just the start of your whale watching!

While whales are scattered throughout the world there’s only a handful of accessible locations to view them in their natural environment. The coastal waters of New England and the west coast of North America are prime locations for whale watching. Hawaii and South Africa are also superb locations to spot whales, as are the ocean waters around New Zealand. So if a vacation or trip takes you to any of these areas make sure you book a cruise and take in the biggest show on earth.

Here’s five things to remember to ensure you have an enjoyable whale watch.

PLAN YOUR WHALE WATCHING TRIP

It may seem obvious but book in advance for your trip to avoid long lines or even disappointment. Usually at least one week before the trip is recommended. Whale watching cruises can last anywhere from 3 hours to 41/2 hours, and the length depends on how long it takes to find the whales. If you’re easily bored staring at the open ocean then take along a novel or your iPod, or something to entertain young children if they’re part of your group. While most boats are equipped with a place to buy food and drink they don’t usually mind you taking your own pack lunch or snacks to keep the costs down.

WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN A WHALE WATCH CRUISE

I’ve two criteria when I choose a whale watch cruise company. How long have they been in business and does it have whale experts on staff? You can usually uncover this information by checking out their web site or calling them.

Most whale watch boats use sophisticated sonar and communications equipment to find the whales, but as I’m not an expert in equipment I look to see if a company has a history of organizing whale watch trips. Good experience is usually a sign they’re doing something right and a safe bet. I also like to see at least one scientist or naturalist on the crew narrating the tour, as having a knowledgeable authority provides a better understanding of what you’re seeing.

CHECK FOR A WHALE SIGHTING GUARANTEE

It happens occasionally you don’t get to see a whale. These mammals are unpredictable, and while the captain will make every effort to uncover their location, some days they’re nowhere to be found. So make sure you book on a cruise that offers a guarantee sighting or you get to cruise again for free. Offering a guarantee is another good sign of a confident and experienced whale watch company.

WHALE WATCHING IS DONE ON THE OPEN OCEAN.

Experienced whale watch cruise companies do not go out in rough seas, but the whale feeding grounds are normally miles from land in the open ocean. Even at the height of summer the open sea can still be choppy, and so if you suffer with motion sickness then take something about an hour before you board the cruise.

QUICK CHECK OF WHALE WATCHING EQUIPMENT.

Recommended things to bring on your whale watch are a camera and plenty of film or memory cards. Take or borrow a pair of binoculars, as whales many times surface yards from the boat, and having binoculars will provide close up views other passengers just won’t get.

As for clothing, wear sneakers or something rubber-soled for good traction on a wet and slippery deck. And take sunscreen, sunglasses, and if it’s got a tie strap - a hat. Because of the breeze on open water take a sweatshirt just in case of temperature drop, especially for a late afternoon trip. The boats will go out in the rain, so if you’ve got a poncho pack it as well. I put most of my whale watch necessities in a small fanny pack.

Whales are mesmerizing mammals that’ve traveled thousands of miles to feed in their playground coastal waters. They don’t stay for long so go ahead and book your whale watch adventure and prepare for the biggest show on earth.

05:28 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

Weathervanes- Monitor your wind direction with beauty!

A weather vane, also called a wind vane, is a movable device attached to an elevated object such as a roof for showing the direction of the wind.

The weather vane must be balanced so that half its weight is on either side of its axis, but also designed so that the areas exposed to the wind are unequal. This unequal area causes the vane to rotate and minimize the force of the wind on its surface. The design of the vane causes the end with the smallest area to turn into the wind, pointing to the source of the wind. Because winds are named from their source direction, the pointer enables the viewer to name the wind easily. Most simple weather vanes have directional markers beneath the pointer, aligned with the geographic directions. The pointer must be able to move freely on its axis.

Weathervanes, especially those with fanciful shapes, do not always show the real direction of a very gentle wind. This is because the figures do not achieve the design balance required in a weather vane. Early weather vanes had very ornamental pointers, but modern wind vanes are usually simple arrows that dispense with the directionals because the instrument is connected to a remote reading station. Also modern wind vanes were mounted with an anemometer, a device that measures wind speed.

To obtain an accurate reading, the weather vane must be located well above the ground and away from buildings, trees, and other objects which interfere with the true wind direction. Changing wind direction can be meaningful when coordinated with other apparent sky conditions, enabling the user to make simple short range forecasts.

Another wind direction device is the windsock. These are used at airports to show wind direction and strength. The wind fills the sock and makes it blow away from the prevailing wind. Strong winds make the sock point almost horizontally, while light airs allow the sock to hang limply. Because of its size, the wind sock can often be seen from the air as well as the ground. Even the most technologically-advanced airports still use windsocks today. Weathervanes are not only a signal of ancient history, but also a knowledgeable weather-reading instrument.

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

Weathervanes- Learn the basic functions of the historic weathervane!

A traditional weathervane comes in two sections. The lower-half of a traditional weathervane is fixed and this is the section where the four points of the compass are aligned to their correct most accurate positions. The upper section of a traditional weathervane is the part of the vane that rotates and indicates the exact wind direction. The upper section can be any ornament as you wish, and the decorations often reflect the building the weathervane is atop. A weathervane ornament not only can display an animal or a gesture, but it can reveal a lot about you as an individual. A weathercock is also a weathervane, it just has a replication of a rooster as its decorations. The only rule with the upper section of a weathervane, is that the greatest amount of mass is to be on one side of the spindle, in other words, the weathervane has to have unequal weights on either side of the spindle. The inequality of the weathervanes weight, causes resistance for the oncoming wind, therefore forces the section with greater mass to the back and forces the pointer (the lighter end) to face the wind. For example, if the weathervane is pointing towards 'N', it means that the wind is indeed coming from the northern direction.

Most people wonder if it is possible to hand make a weathervane themselves. There are only two basic rules that must be followed when designing your own weather vane. Number one is that the ornament must have “equal area” on either side of the center. And the other rule is that the ornament must have “unequal mass” on either side of the center. So yes it is possible to create your own weathervane but all in all, it may be extremely hard work.

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

Water Parks Make A Great Summer Family Outing

Quality family fun is what every parent looks for. And what better way to spend a relaxing day with your family then near the water. That’s why water parks make a great summer family outing.

Water parks have plenty of entertainment to offer including all kinds of water rides, arcades, outdoor games like miniature golf and go carts, and good food. All you need to do is show up to discover the excitement that awaits you.

There are slides for all levels and ages including water pools for the very youngest family members. So whether you like a real challenge or prefer a ride that’s relaxing, it’s there.

The larger parks have intertwined looping tube slides which are a blast; some starting 6 stories above the park and ending with a splash landing. There are a variety of tubes to choose from, so if 6 stories is too high you can play on one of the smaller ones. And who says a water park is all about the slides?

These days wakeboard and knee ski are growing water sports that many water parks are now offering. The courses are usually about ½ mile long and you can test your skills. Levels start at beginner and go right up to expert. And, if you aren’t ready to give it a try you can watch. It’s a great spectator sport too!

If you prefer to partner up with your buddy, there are usually some great two person water rides to check out. The inner tubes are one of the most fun. Or why not take a ride down a twisting turning slide reaching maximum speeds as you drop from an elevated shoot.

If that’s not your style why not try the Black Hole or the equivalent offered by most parks. Here you’ll jump into a raft and take an exhilarating journey down a twisting tunnel of darkness – whoo-eee fun with a capital F!

And if you’re lucky enough to visit Orlando’s Wet and Wild, be sure to check out The Blast which will have you screaming for more as you get soaked to the core in this stimulating ride complete with sound effects. You’ll twist and turn your way down through waterspouts and burst through pipes. What a ride! If you can’t get to Orlando don’t worry. Other water parks are offering similar rides.

When you need a rest from the water you can soak up some rays on the side. Grab a chair or relax on your beach towel. And then why not take the family for a game of miniature golf?

Don’t forget to enjoy a delicious burger and order of fries with a nice cold drink. And the day won’t be complete without an ice cream.

Water parks offer a full day of fun and relaxation for the entire family. So why not get out and enjoy it? You won’t be sorry!

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

Unique Camping Gift Ideas for Christmas

As November passes quickly, it is time to start thinking about buying Christmas gifts. Here’s a primer on unique Christmas gift ideas for people who like to go camping.

Unique Camping Gifts

Camping enthusiasts love to get away from the rat race and just take in the majesty of Mother Nature. If you’re shopping for a person that likes to go camping, here are a few unique camping gift ideas.

1. National Parks Pass – Some of the best camping locations are in the United States National Parks system. Yosemite, Glacier Park and so on provide simply stunning scenery and absolutely tremendous camping opportunities. The National Park Pass grants admission to all of the National Parks for one year. The National Parks Pass costs $49.99. 80 percent of the proceeds go to the preservation of the parks.

2. Play & Freeze Ice Cream Maker – This cool little gadget lets you make ice cream on the fly while camping. In the form of a plastic ball, you simply add rock salt and ice to one end and provided ice cream to the other. Seal it up and start rolling it around like a soccer ball. Before you know it, you’ll have ice cream. This very cool gadget will run you $30.

3. Fold Away Food Covers – While getting back to nature is a blast, insects become annoying. The Fold Away Food Covers act as a little tent you can put over food to keep the little buggers off. The covers fold up and easily stored making them the ideal camping accessories. Coghlan’s covers are the best. You’ll spend $5 or so for the covers, a very small price for keeping food insect free.

4. Nomad Camping Journals – A little self-promotion here. Nomad Camping Journals are compact writing journals that let campers keep notes and a record of their camping trips. Really great for creating a record of who was on the trip, how the trip went, other places to try and so on. The camping journals are great keepsakes for adults and something to do for kids during down times. As the trips add up over the years, you’ll enjoy reading about past trips. You can click the link at the bottom of this article to see them and expect to pay $25 for the journal with case.

Camping is a great way to escape the chaos of daily life and provides plenty of gift buying ideas. Get out there and enjoy the world!

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

Top Tips To Really Experience Africa

Overlanding shortly defined involves travelling in small groups and by a specific route to remote territories – places that are off the beaten track. This is what makes these trips al that exciting, as not many people have the opportunity to visit such areas. These trips are definitely not ordinary. They are for the fun loving, excited and adventurous at heart.
Tours can last anything between 4 days to 6 months and usually includes visiting more than one country. Group sizes are small varying from 10 to 25.

Overlanding is a very budget style of travel and accommodation, transport, National Park entry fees and most meals are included in prices. The idea behind an overlanding trip is to escape the busy City life and just become part of nature.

These trips are nothing boring; as it includes all levels of adventurous activities and is suitable for all persons with average to good fitness and good health. Tours are carefully planned so that each tour has its own optional activities. These activities can range anything from extreme adventure – like bungee jumping – to more fun adventure activities like elephant back safaris, scuba diving, white water rafting, fishing, horse riding …and the list just continues.
The great thing about optional activities is that you do not have to pay for anything you cannot afford or wouldn’t like to do.
You will however be expected to participate in limited amount of general duties on tour like washing your dishes, keeping the vehicle clean, setting up your camp and getting all muddy should the truck get stuck. This ensures that everything on tour runs as smoothly as possible and mostly so that there’s not a dull moment. All the more excitement!

Overlanding vehicles are generally specially designed trucks suited for the roads travelled on and can range anything from “rough-it overlanding” trucks to more luxury spacious trucks with comfortable seats.
The accommodation on tour can range anything from plain camping to budget National Park style bungalows or safari tents.

Local payments may be levied from tour participants in certain African countries. This is a very common on overlanding tours. Local Payments are essential in order to transfer the foreign currencies of the countries visited in order to operate the tours.
Your tour itinerary should state if a local payment will be necessary for the countries you will visit.
A good tip is to always carry US$ cash on you when on tour as US dollars are widely accepted throughout Africa.

Air fares to Africa are usually excluded in the tour price, but overlanding companies or booking agents are mostly able to arrange it on your behalf.
Travel insurance is very important and compulsory on overlanding trips. You must ensure that you take out adequate travel insurance to cover the type of activities you may be interested in. Certain overlanding booking agents or companies will even be able to arrange travel insurance for you.

What makes an overlanding tour so unique is that you meet great people, you experience so much about other cultures, and because you travel in a group, you have experienced guides by your side who will be able to explain all the inns and outs on tour – wherever you are off to.

So, my advice to you, if you are looking for an experience of a lifetime, pack your bag of enthusiasm, excitement and sense of humour and you are ready to head off to an African overlanding adventure of a lifetime.

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

Top Tips for Successful Navigation in the BackCountry

As an outdoor enthusiast you will at some point make a decision to learn how to navigate in the backcountry. Whether you use a map, compass, GPS receiver or all three, there are several things you should know about successful navigation. Your safety and the safety of your companions depend upon it.

Backcountry activities such as hiking, orienteering, hunting, climbing, geocaching, fishing, four-wheeling and camping are all loads of fun - until you get lost. That’s why you should know how to navigate. But navigation doesn’t start when you find yourself hopelessly lost. Navigation begins BEFORE your adventure begins so that you don’t place yourself in harm’s way. Let’s take a look at the top tips for successful off road navigation.

The first three tips pertain to getting ready to go:

* Prepare your body. I cannot overstate the necessity for proper preparation. If you are not in good physical condition when you begin your adventure, you are placing yourself in danger. No matter what your current physical conditioning is - improve it before you start. An exhausted body will negate any acquired navigational skills.

* Prepare your mind. If you are using tools, and you should be, such as a map, a compass or a GPS Unit make sure you know how to use them. In order of priority: Maps are most important to understand and use, proper use of a magnetic needle compass is next and finally a GPS unit. Do not rely solely on your GPS. GPS’s only work well when you’re moving and they don’t work at all with dead batteries. Take a class on using your compass with a map. It is not only interesting, it is also a required life skill for the outdoor enthusiast.

* Have a plan and tell someone about it. Whenever you go into the vast backcountry, be sure to tell someone back home where you plan on going, how you plan on getting there and when you’ll be back. If you break your leg, it would be nice if help could find you.

Now that you are a prepared navigator, you’re ready to go. Here are the remaining tips:

* Trust your compass. Many people get lost by trusting their “instincts” instead of their compass.
* Always orient your map to the landscape. The best way to do this is to orient North on the map with the North bearing on your compass. I also face north when making directional decisions off of a map. A miss-oriented map can easily lead to confusion.

* Be sure of your Declination. The difference between True North and magnetic north is called your declination. This is critical for accurate compass use. If you don’t understand declination, you weren’t paying attention in your map/compass class. If your map is fairly new, use the declination value on the map and adjust your compass as required. If your map is older than 5 years…you’re not very well prepared. Most modern GPS Units calculate the declination value for you. This value should match the value on your map.

* Always measure for yourself. You’ve prepared for your trip, now you should use what you learned. Bearing (direction of travel) and distance (number of steps or lapsed time) are the two most important measurements to you when traveling in the backcountry. Always measure for yourself, do not rely on anyone else for this. If your partner comes up with something different, sort it out. If you come up with the same thing as your partner, then move on in confidence.

* Never travel at night. Although a star lit sky can offer accurate navigational data, traveling at night is risky. Only experienced travelers should travel after dark. The major risk of traveling at night is injury. It is difficult to judge “footfall” distances and terrain in the dark.

* Keep a log book. If you are traveling from station to station (map feature to map feature) keep a written log of the bearing and distance decisions you’ve made. This will aid you in recovering from navigational errors and will also aid you in returning to a known location.

* If you think you’re lost S.T.O.P. Oftentimes admitting you are lost is the toughest thing to do. It is also the most important thing you can do. Once you’re lost, Sit, Think, Observe and Plan. S.T.O.P. will save you.

Some final thoughts:
* It’s OK to write on your map.

* You should know how many steps you take to travel 100 yards. Write this number down on your map and in your log book.

* When a new land feature presents itself to you, compare it to your map.

* Keep your compass hanging around your neck, not in your pack.

* Never use your compass on the hood of your car or truck. Compass accuracy is adversely effected by metal objects.

* Always travel with extra batteries for your GPS.

* Pay attention to natural and manmade features such as fence lines, power lines, railroad tracks, ridges, valleys and rivers.

Backcountry activities are fun…until you get lost. That’s why you should know how to navigate. Take a map reading class, read an orienteering book and practice. Like most life skills, navigating in the backcountry is easy to learn.

Use this information and you’ll Get It Right The First Time. Get Outdoors!

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

Top Camping Grounds

Camping grounds can be found in alberta camping. You will need a camping stove if you are camping in alberta. The southern part of the province has some really good camp grounds.

Camping ah the coffee always taste better from a tin pot brewed on a open fire. The bedtime snacks always taste better when roasted over the camp fire. You will find many different camp grounds in alberta. Some site are well treed and spacious and some sites are in the alberta bad lands. You can even find camp grounds in the mountains with spectacular lakes and mountains as backdrops.

Camp grounds inn t he smaller towns can cost you only cost 10 dollars per night and this is a site with hook ups and hot showers.

Alberta has 5 national parks which include back country and front country sites. Alberta has 68 provincial parks and 200 hundred recreational areas which also provide over night stays.

Alberta campgrounds offer top notch ,and nature based adventures in the campgrounds. You will find highly developed sites which offer power hook ups, shower, and flush toilets to rustic minimal amenities such as pump water and out houses. If you purchase a Wilderness Pass it will allow you unlimited back country travel and camping for 1 year. For you folks who only want to stay a few nights the wilderness Pass can be purchased at any park gate from 8 dollars to 30 dollars per person depending on the park you will be staying in.

You will see some bears on your out door activities so here are some basic rules to follow.

Bears are attracted to the smell of food. Do not invite a bear into your camp site keep it clean. Store your food in the trunk of your campmoble. Preferably in a air tight container and away from your sleeping area. Never store food in your tent or tent trailer where you are sleeping.

Never cook or eat near or in your tent. Do not bury food scraps. Do not litter, Place all garbage in the suitable containers provided in the campgrounds. If no containers are available take it out with you when you leave.

Only clean any fish you catch at a designated fish cleaning station if no station is available use a garbage container. If moving around the camp grounds at night always use a flashlight. Move cautiously at night do not run around blindly.

If camping with a dog keep it on a leash not more than 10 feet long. If you have a loss dog it may irritate a bear and bring it back to your camp site. Keep young children close to you at all times. Never let them out of your sight even for a minute. More kids have been lost because the parents turned their back only for a minute.

The bears are attracted to berry patches avoid them if possible a bear encounter is not want you want let the bear have the berries. Buy your at the store.

Purchase a can of bear spray and read the instructions be for you go camping. Keep the can handy and in your tent at night.

For the avid back country camper be sure all attractants like food supplies for both your and your pet , or scented toiletries are stored so the bears can not get them when you are away from your camp spot.

If no storage unit is around you can hang them from a tree at least 4 meters off the ground, and at least 1.5 meter from another tree. Be sure the food stuff is stored at least 100 meters from the tents or sleeping area.

Remember you are the intruder not the bear this is his domain. Do not deliberately confront a bear in the end you will lose.

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

Tips to Make Your Next Hiking Adventure a Safe One

Are you, your family, your friends, or your romantic partner planning to take a hiking adventure soon? As you likely already know, hiking can be fun and exciting, but it can be dangerous at the same time. Of course, there are a number of different steps that you can take to protect yourself on your next hiking adventure and a few of those steps are outlined below.

If you have yet to choose your hiking trail, you will want to do so soon. The sooner that you choose your hiking trail, the easier it will be to familiarize yourself with where you will be hiking. When choosing a hiking trail, it is advised that you take the difficulty level into consideration. For instance, you can find hiking trails in the United States that are designed for beginners, as well as those that have advanced hiking experience.

Once you have decided which hiking trial you would like to hike on, you will want to take the time to fully familiarize yourself with the trail. If you are able to acquire a map of the hiking trial in question, you will want to closely examine it. You will want to know exactly where you are at all times, as well as how to get out of the area, in the event of an emergency. If you do acquire a map of the hiking trial that you plan on hiking, you will want to make sure that you bring a copy of the map with you. This will also assist you in the event of an emergency.

You will want to think about familiarizing yourself with the security of the hiking trial or park in question; get their contact information so you can contact them in the event of an emergency. Speaking of contacting security guards, you will want to make sure that you bring a cell phone with you. A cell phone will allow you to call for help if you or someone in your hiking party has an accident or wanders off the trail. If you do not own a cell phone, you may want to think about buying a cheap prepaid one or borrowing the cell phone of someone that you know.

Although it is important that you bring a cell phone with you on your next hiking adventure, a cell phone is not all that you will want to bring. Even if you are only planning on hiking for a day or two, you will want to make sure that you have enough food and drinks, just incase something went wrong. Many hikers are urged to prepare for the worst, just incase. For that reason, you may want to think about packing a number of extra snacks and drinks.

Another great way that you can stay safe on your next hiking adventure is by making sure that you have all of the right hiking equipment or hiking supplies. In this aspect, you will want to make sure that you are dressed for the hike. Hiking should involve sneakers at the least, but you may want to think about buying a set of hiking boots. You will also want to review the weather before leaving. Even if it will be bright and sunny, you may still want to think about bringing a light coat with you, incase of rain or incase you become stranded on the hiking trail overnight.

Perhaps, the best way that you can go about staying safe on your next hiking adventure is by letting your friends and family members know where you are going, when you will be leaving, and when you will return. Should you not return on time, those that you know should be able to find you, or at least have a generalized idea of where you are. You may also want to think about writing down the same information and leaving it at a safe place at home.

The above outlined hiking safety tips are just a few of the many that you may want to think about practicing. As a reminder, hiking can be fun and exciting, but it can also be dangerous as well.

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

Tips on Flying the American Flag

Traditionally a symbol of liberty, the American flag has carried the message of freedom to many parts of the world.

Here in the United States, the flag is displayed daily in or near government buildings and schools and in many public areas. It is customary to fly the flag on Memorial Day, Flag Day, Independence Day, Labor Day and most other U.S. holidays.

Each of the flag's colors has a significance: Red signifies hardiness and valor; white is symbolic of purity and innocence; and blue denotes vigilance, perseverance and justice. Just as the flag's colors and design are deeply symbolic, so is the way the flag is displayed.

Here are some flag etiquette tips from AmericanFlags.com:

* When the flag is displayed over the middle of the street, it should be suspended vertically with the union (stars) to the north in an east-and-west street or to the east in a north-and-south street.

* When the flag is displayed from a staff projecting horizontally or at an angle from the window sill, balcony or front of a building, the union should be placed at the peak of the staff unless the flag is at half-staff.

* When flown at half-staff, the flag should be first hoisted to the peak for an instant and then lowered to the half-staff position. It should be again raised to the peak before it is lowered for the day.

* When the flag is displayed in a manner other than by being flown from a staff, it should be displayed flat. When displayed either horizontally or vertically against a wall, the union should be uppermost and to the flag's right (to the observer's left). When displayed in a window it should be displayed in the same way, with the union to the left of the observer in the street.

* To fold the flag, first fold it in half along the stripes twice. Fold up a triangle, starting at the striped end, and repeat until only the end of the union is exposed. Then, fold down the square into a triangle and tuck inside the folds.

* Never throw a flag in the garbage. For information on how to properly dispose of a worn flag, contact your local American Legion hall, VFW chapter or Boy Scout troop.

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

Title: Tips On How To Avoid Getting Lost While Hiking

Most people, while hiking or walking, don't even think about the possibility of getting lost. Unfortunately this can lead to trouble. You are usually safe as long as you stick to established trails.

But too often, complacency can get you into trouble. You decide to take a shortcut across the trail switchbacks. You wander just a little ways off the trail to see a bird a little better.

All it takes is a momentary lapse of judgment and you can be lost. Don't let this happen to you. A little preparation can avoid the problem.

The most important thing you can do to avoid getting lost is to use your head and be aware. Take a moment before you begin and then periodically while moving. Look where you are, where you are going and where you have come from. How does your position relate to your surroundings? Look around for landmarks. Note the position of the sun. Which way is north.

If you are planning to use an established trail make sure you know exactly where it will take you and how long the trip will take. Know what turnoffs you will encounter along the way.

As you travel the trail keep your head about you and note any side trails and turnoffs. It is easy to get confused if you are planning to return the same way you came. Pay attention!

The majority of trails, animal or man-made, will not take you anywhere you want to go. They were not made for the purpose of taking you to civilization. So just following an unknown trail hoping that it will lead you to safety can be the worst thing you can do.

During the process of getting lost there is always a point where you first hear that little voice in your head that says, No, I can't be lost. That is the time to STOP because you are either lost already or about to be. Immediately take stock of your situation. Don't wait until things get worse.

Mentally trace your steps up to that point and review your path in relationship to the sun or any distinguishing landmarks. If possible, retrace you path back to a point where you are sure of where you are. But only if you are sure. This is not the time to be wandering about and trying out shortcuts.

If you are not sure, you need to stay put and think. Make a mental map of your journey up to that point. Review the distances and how long each segment took you. Try to remember any landmarks that you can relate to a specific point or time along the way. Do this while it is still freshest in your mind.

Then make a decision as to the best path back to a point you remember. Clearly mark your present position with whatever you can find. Then move out, marking your path with stones or sticks. If you don't reach a point where you are less lost, go back and try another direction.

There are a number of things that you can bring with you that can help you not get lost and help you get unlost.

One of the most useful things to bring is a pencil and paper. It doesn't take much to get disorientated and our memories are unreliable. Make notes of landmarks, hills, streams, trail forks, and the sun position. Note the time it takes to go from one point to the next.

A compass is usually considered mandatory but you have to be careful using it. A compass is only useful if you have a good idea where you are and which direction you need to go. Lots of things can render the compass useless. Electrical wires, ore deposits, large metal objects like cars or small metal objects like your belt buckle. Yes, bring a compass, but make it a good one and learn how to use it before you get lost.

Bring a map. The most useful map is the topographical map. It will show the actual layout of the land including heights. If you are hiking in a National Park, topographical maps are often available for sale at the visitor center book store

A GPS is a great tool but it has its limitations. In order for it to be useful after you get lost you need to use it before you get lost. Enter waypoints as you travel, including your starting point. Then if you get lost you have marked an electronic trail back to your starting point. Don't completely depend on the GPS. Batteries have been known to run down and signals can get blocked. You still need to use your own skills in keeping up with where you are.

The key to not getting lost is to always know where you are and where you are going. It's not that difficult but it requires a little effort and preparation. It's worth it.

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

The Wasp Killer Secrets

Kill hornets and wasps by using the very best wasp killer.

Even if you've chosen the very best the right wasp killer you must effectively identify the insect. If you are unsure you should get a good quality hornet and wasp killer! However never confuse wasps with bees. The humble bumble bee is very important in plant pollination and avoids having to sting as it die as a result.

Wasps & hornets by comparison are very different! This is important to learn how to use the right wasp killer effectively.

The type of wasp killer you use is important.

The advice, is offered for those who want to kill not just wasps but also their nests with the right wasp killer, applies if you need to know the best way kill yellowjackets, hornets or any other wasps. The "how to" of being a wasp killer:

Next, if you need to retrieve the wasp's nest you must get appropriate coverings. All wasps do get extremely aggressive if disturbed! Destroying the nest will not do it. You need to learn to use a wasp killer correctly on a nest or they'll merely rebuild their nest.

The most appropriate time of the day to approach a nest is at night when every wasp is present. It's possible for you to use WD-40 to spray the wasps but you need to cover all of the nest because if you miss they will be alerted. Therefore I think it's best to have high strength wasp killer.

At night when there is no sign of any wasp activity apply your wasp killer directly into the nest. Make sure you have pre-read the instructions! You do not want to be reading the instructions while performing the job as the wasps have been known to attack.

Never stand just under the nest as the insecticide will will fall on you and you might not correctly soak the nest. Ensure you have good access to the nest's opening so that you can get as much wasp killer inside it as you can.

Make sure you have an escape route!

Another method is freezing the nest. Again any method that shows you how to eliminate wasps should be performed at night. Cover the nest with a heavy plastic bag and seal it. Cut down the nest and freeze it. It's an effective effective but risky way of eliminating wasps. Use a high strength wasp killer.

The hardest part of learning to eliminate wasps is learning how to deal with hidden nests. Many times these are concealed in attics or behind walls. If wasps are present but there's no nest you must be extremely careful when you try to find it. Wear the proper clothing, or call a professional.

Professionals can be costly however they use great wasp killer. However, you can do the job yourself with the advice given on this wasp killer article. Before you try it though you should study the main things to know outlined so you know the best wasp killer to use.

If you do not have a wasp problem but just need your garden and home free of them then why not try cheap wasp killer traps.

So now you have the knowledge how to be a wasp killer go get them!

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

The Oregon Trail – Beginning in Arrow Rock, Missouri

The Oregon Trail holds a unique place in the history of the United States. Thousands of pioneers used the trail to populate the middle and western parts of the country in the 19th century.

Oregon Trail

In the eighteen hundreds, the east coast of the United States had become overcrowded and expensive. For relief, people looked to the opportunities in the then limitless west. Over the next 100 years, hundreds of thousands of people undertook the six month quest to find a better life. Tens of thousands died along the route.

The Oregon Trail begins in Independence, Missouri and winds its way to the Willamette River Valley in Oregon. Follow the trail from beginning to end and you’ll pass through the states of Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming and Idaho.

Tracking the Oregon Trail can take a month by car, so I am going to highlight certain spots in this and further articles. Arrow Rock, Missouri is as good a place as any to start.

Arrow Rock, Missouri

Although Independence, Missouri is technically the beginning of the Oregon Trail, Arrow Rock is a better place to start. Arrow Rock is a tiny town of maybe 100 people and remains much the way it was during the hey day of the Oregon Trail. You’ll get a real taste of the way things were by visiting the tavern and old seminary. One of the odder attractions is the Calaboose.

Arrow Rock has the rather peculiar Calaboose Jail. Built of stone, the jail is particular because it is built for only one person. By one person, I mean no lobby, no office, no nothing, just a stone structure with one wooden door.

To get a better understanding of Arrow Rock, make sure to visit the Arrow Rock Historic Site center. For lodging, there are four or five bed and breakfast options in the town. Campers can stay at the Arrow Rock Historic Site camping grounds.

Visiting Arrow Rock is like stepping back into the Wild West. Look to the west and you can get a feel for how the pioneers felt as they started their long journey.

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

The Joy Of Solo Backpacking

Have you ever gone solo backpacking? If you have, you'll probably agree that it isn't a matter of it being better or worse than backpacking with friends. It's just a different activity altogether.

When you go backpacking with others, it's a social event. You enjoy the scenery, feel good hiking the trails, and you get to know people in a different setting than usual. There's usually a lot of talking, and you feel relatively safe as part of a group. It's a good experience.

Solo Backpacking Trips

When you are alone in the wilderness, it's different. There is a peacefulness that can never be there when you're with others. With nobody to talk to, you stop defining everything and start seeing things more directly.

I remember sitting by an alpine lake at 12,000 feet in the Sierra Nevadas, after not seeing anyone for two days. The sun was shining, and the silence was broken only by the clatter of rocks falling from the cliffs above. I was relaxed, and I felt like it was the most beautiful place on earth. It isn't the same when I'm with friends.

It's also true that there's an "edge" to solo backpacking. There is nobody there to help you if you run into trouble. The grizzly outside my tent in Wyoming, or the rockslide in front of me in Colorado - these things were felt viscerally. You become very aware of how vulnerable you are. This is an interesting experience - but not a bad one.

My favorite aspect of hiking solo, is that all action is more natural. We are social animals without a doubt, but when with others, our decisions and actions are made as part of a group. There is always a little tension involved in balancing all the individual needs.

Consider something as simple as resting alongside the trail for ten minutes. Even while it is a needed rest for one, it can be an unatural break in the rhythm for another, and yet a decision must be made to stop or not. On the other hand, decisions flow almost without thought when you are alone. What a wonderful relief from the complications of ordinary life.

If you haven't yet tried solo backpacking, get out there and do it. At least go for an over-nighter. How often do you actually spend a day without seeing another person? You'll appreciate the experience. (Watch for my article on solo backpacking tips.)

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

The Historic And Natural Wonder Of Cades Cove Tennessee

If you miss Cades Cove Tennessee while traveling in the southeastern part of the United States, you've missed one of the most picturesque locations in North America.

Cades Cove is a 6,800 acre scenic paradise located in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park near Townsend and Gatlinburg, Tennessee. With nearly two million visitors a year, Cades Cove TN is one of the most visited areas of any National Park located in the United States.

Cades Cove Tennessee belonged to the Cherokee Nation prior to 1818 and was settled by John and Lucretia Oliver in the fall of 1818. The Cherokee were not a threat to the small numbers of whites in the cove for a few short years until a larger population suddenly turned them hostile. It is sadly ironic that the Cherokee, who befriended and helped the Olivers survive their first few years in the cove, were eventually chased out principally by John Oliver himself.

Cades Cove fell on hard times during the Civil War as most of the population supported the Union and were harassed by Confederates from North Carolina.
The Cove returned to it's rural lifestyle after the Civil War as industry began to spring up in the surrounding the areas. This led to a slow migration from the Cove through the early 1920's when the Great Smoky Mountain National Park was established in 1926.

The last resident, Kermit Caughron, lived in the Cove until he passed away in 1999. Despite Kermit's home being of important historic significance, the National Park Service decide to tear it down in 2001 because it did not fit in with the historic setting of the Cove.

Even though life was harsh for the early settlers of Cades Cove TN, they must have had a wonderful appreciation for the breathtaking beauty of the land they called home for many years. Despite the unfortunate outcome of the Cades Cove community, the land is now preserved for all to enjoy.

There are many recreational activities to participate in while visiting Cades Cove, but by far the most popular is to drive the 11 mile loop around the cove. Many choose to ride a bicycle around the loop to get a more intimate view of the scenery and some even hike.

You can spend anywhere from a couple of hours to the entire day enjoying the Cades Cove loop. If spotting wildlife is your aim, you need to arrive early in the morning or stay till dusk.

Besides the loop road, Cades Cove TN also offers camping, picnicking, hiking, fishing, biking, hayrides, guided programs and shopping. The shopping is not the crass commercialization you find in Gatlinburg. Mostly you will find freshly milled grains, historical items, books and photography relating specifically to Cades Cove or the surrounding area.

Camping in Cades Cove is truly an enjoyable experience. It is the most popular campground in the National Park. If you would like to camp in Cades Cove you can make reservations via the National Park Reservation Center. You can only make reservations up to 3 weeks in advance online or 5 months in advance by calling 1-800-365-2267.

The rich history and the stark beauty make Cades Cove Tennessee a must see on your next trip through the Southeastern United States...don't miss it!

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

The Great Salt Lake Bird Watching Festival in Utah

Coming up on its eighth year, the Great Salt Lake Bird Watching Festival is good get away for birders. Of course, a chance to visit Salt Lake City isn’t so bad either.

Great Salt Lake Bird Watching Festival

The Great Salt Lake Bird Watching Festival is both a mouthful and a great event. Close to Salt Lake City, but actually centered in Farmington, Utah, the festival is put on by the Davis County Tourism agency and typically runs for five days in the last two weeks of May each year.

As with many birding festivals, the Great Salt Lake Bird Watching Festival offers workshops for kids and adults. Workshops include everything from building bird houses, birding for kids, and lectures on a variety of bird species with physical birds present.

Of course, field trips are the key to any bird watching festival and Great Salt Lake Bird Watching Festival doesn’t disappoint. Traditional sighting trips can be taken on land. The added bonus, however, is the fact birders can rent kayaks to float about the lake looking for new life birds.

Common Sightings

While each year will present variations, a birder can expect to see a variety of bird species at Great Salt Lake Bird Watching Festival. A variety of Heron, Pelican, Grebe and Cormorant species are plentiful. White-faced Ibis and Snowy Egrets are also often seen as are a variety of geese and ducks. A variety of falcons and hawks are surprisingly plentiful, but there is one prize sure to make it on you life list.

The rare American Bald Eagle lives in the area. Due to low population numbers, there is no guarantee you’ll see one, but at least four sightings occurred at the 2004 festival.

Whether you attend for the chance to see a bald eagle or the chance to meet other enthusiasts, the Great Salt Lake Bird Watching Festival is a good time.

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

The Grand Canyon - A Perfect Getaway

The Grand Canyon is one of the best places to visit on your family holiday. This amazing location was carved over thousands of years. It is beautiful. The many activities it has to offer can be pleasurable for the whole family. The canyon experience is bigger than just the visit, it is the full body experience you can treat your senses to during and after your visit. You will be making memories for years to come as you seek solace in the vast spaces of the Grand Canyon. There are several good reasons to make the Grand Canyon your next family holiday.

The first reason to make the Grand Canyon your next family holiday is the accessibility options for everyone. Because the Grand Canyon is quite large, facilities vary by location. The National Park Service offers wheel chairs for free, and you can obtain temporary parking permits for the ease of your special needs visitors. There are many programs that are specifically designed for visitors with special needs, and several of the overlooks and scenic spots have wheel chair accessible routes.

Another reason to make the Grand Canyon your next family vacation spot is because of the educational programs offered. The National Park Service has designed some wonderful environmental educational programs specifically for you and your family. They can help you and family members understand the importance of preserving the canyon while explaining some of the canyon's mysteries to even the youngest of participants.

A third reason to make the Grand Canyon your next family vacation spot is the Junior Ranger programs available just for your kids. Once your kids participate in the program, they will know how to help preserve our national parks for years to come. Moreover, they learn fun facts about the Grand Canyon, participate in some great activities, and can act as representatives of the Grand Canyon to everyone they know. They get a special badge, and they get to participate in a swearing in ceremony to help them feel special.

A fourth reason to make the Grand Canyon your next family vacation spot is the history behind the canyon. You and your family can learn about the forming of the park. You can also investigate current preservation methods as well as current archaeological study methods. You can learn how the changes in the Canyon have been documented throughout the years, and the cultures it has served as a center for over the course of time.

A fifth reason to make the Grand Canyon your next family vacation spot is the number of exercise related activities you can engage in while you're at the canyon. You can go whitewater rafting, biking, or hiking. All of these will not only allow you a closer relationship with the location, they will also help your family to realize the importance of exercise in nature within their own lives.

A sixth reason to make the Grand Canyon your next family vacation spot is the availability of auto touring. There are a number of areas in the Canyon you can visit from the comfort of your car. This means no special equipment, no complaining about the long walks or the heat. It will just be you and your family in the environment of your vehicle while taking in the sites of the Canyon.

A seventh reason to make the Grand Canyon your next family vacation choice is the lovely camping opportunities it offers. If you and your family love go camping, the Grand Canyon is the place to do it. They offer everything from cabin style camping to RV parks to traditional tent camping. Once your camp site is set up, there are a number of great camping activities to engage in including picnicking, swimming, and best of all, hiking in the shadow of the Canyon. For a new experience, try a mule ride to the bottom with a camp out overnight. You simply cannot beat the beauty of the canyon from a camper's perspective.

An eighth reason to make the Grand Canyon your next family vacation is the wildlife viewing opportunities you will have. In addition to being a beautiful spot for bird watching, the canyon approximately 355 bird, 89 mammal, 47 reptile, 9 amphibian, 17 fish (including five native species), and thousands of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate species. This can mean a fun learning experience for you and your family.

A ninth reason to make the Grand Canyon your next family vacation spot is the viewing of the natural environment. The Grand Canyon is one of the greatest natural features on our planet, and there is a lot to learn from it. By seeing the canyon, you will learn about types of rock, erosion, and desert habitats. This will help sharpen your science skills.

The final reason to make the Grand Canyon your next family vacation spot is the number of air tours available. Seeing this natural wonder from the ground is great, but seeing it from a helicopter or a plane will make your vacation more memorable than ever.

Plan your next vacation to the Grand Canyon and you won't be sorry.

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

The Freedom Of Travelling In A Camper Van

In this article, I am going to write about the joys of going on holiday in a camper van. Owning and travelling around in one of these vans gives people a lot of freedom of where they want to stop to sleep and for how long they want to stay in each destination. Many people from the UK decide to tour parts of Europe over a period of months in one of these type of vehicles.

I was recently talking to a neighbour of mine who owns a very impressive camper van which is why I have decided to write this article, his name is John. John and his wife decided to sell their big house when they were in their late fifties and move to a smaller flat. This flat was then going to be their base in the UK to return to when they were not travelling. They had a lot of excess money from selling their old house and buying the new flat and decided to spend part of this money on a very good quality camper van. The plan was then to travel around different parts of the UK as well as visiting other countries in the world.

John and his wife have two wonderful dogs which they adore. They have never enjoyed leaving these dogs with friends or in kennels when they have been travelling in the past and now they do not have to, as there is plenty of room of course in the camper van.

When talking with John I asked him where he was planning to travel to next. He replied that he was going to drive down to the South West Coast of England. He would tour through parts of Devon and Cornwall stopping for a few days in different areas. I asked him what day he would be returning, he stated that he was not sure and that it would depend on the weather. Maybe one week or four, I am not sure yet Steve, he said. I could not believe his attitude and his lifestyle, I have to say I was very jealous. What freedom, I thought to myself.

John then stated that next month he was going to travel to Portugal but that there was no rush to get there. I wish I had started to do this years ago, but what with work it was impossible really, he continued.

I also have a dog and would love to have this form of travel freedom. I have spoken to my wife about it and she has said that she would prefer to stop in a hotel. Oh well, I have years before I retire to try to work her around to my way of thinking.

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

The Eastern League

The Champions League is a rich man's club, complain football teams from nine south and east European countries. They are bent on setting up an alternative dubbed the "Eastern League". The revolt is led by Dinamo Bucharest and Greece's Olympiakos Pireu and has been joined by 14 other clubs: Steaua and Rapid from Romania, The Turkish Galatasaray Istanbul and Besiktas PAOK Salonic of Greece, the Serbian Steaua and Partizan Belgrade, Hajduk Split from Croatia, the Cyrpiot Apoel Nicosia, Maribor from Slovenia, the Bulgarian teams TSKA Sofia and Levski Sofia and the Ukrainian contributions of Shakhtor Donestk and Dinamo Kiev.

It is partly about pride and partly about money.

In the past decade eastern footballers, trounced by well-heeled competitors from the West, consistently failed to qualify to participate in the Union of European Football Associations Cup and the Champions League games. This translates into a loss of up to a million dollars per team per year as they miss out on lucrative advertising and broadcasting deals when they are matched against giants from Spain, Germany, Italy, or even England.

The Eastern League is not a done deal, though. It first has to be voted on and recognized by both the Federation of International Football Associations and UEFA, the world and European football federations, respectively. This may prove to be a tall order. The game is still organized as an old-fashioned cartel, with each regional association envious of its market share and clout.

Still, football in the eastern nether regions is in dire straits. As its economics worsen - the inventiveness of managers and players alike blossoms. In January 2003, the Bulgarian Levski club offered, with great fanfare, 250,000 of its shares to fans, aiming to break the Guinness Book of Records entry of Manchester United.

It was promptly castigated for ripping off the innocent. The "free" shares, found out embittered takers, came attached to a season's ticket at full price. Alternatively, would be shareholders were asked to purchase a club membership for $25 - a few days wages in the impoverished country. Quoted by the newswires Presstext.Europe and Newsfox, a Levski official Todor Batkov said that "real fans must give and not take from the club".

Football teams in the former communist countries realize that it is either big time or no time at all.

Romanian club Universitatea Craiova has recently courted Paul Gascoigne, a British asset known more for his exploits off-field than for anything he has accomplished on it. The figure floated was $170,000 - a fortune in Romanian terms, where the average annual intake is rarely about $2000.

Omnipotent president Islam Karimov of Uzbekistan granted immediate citizenship - by a constitutionally dubious presidential decree - to Bulgarian football striker Georgi Georgiev and defender Alexsi Dionisiev. This allowed them to keep their Bulgarian passports even as they played for the host country in the World Cup.

Football has always been about politics. Violence inspired by virulent nationalism often vents itself most visibly in bilateral matches.

In a typical case last year, three police officers were wounded and nine Bosnian Serb fans were detained in the wake of a riot following the first football match since 1992 between Borac from Republika Srpska and Zeleznicar from Sarajevo. The Muslim-Croat team and fans required police escort out of Banja Luka to escape the wrath of the local yobs. Borac had to play two games to empty stadiums and part with $1500 in fines.

The Bosnian Football Federation - representing 14 clubs from the Croat-Muslim parts of the divided country - teamed up in May 2002 with 6 counterparts in Republika Srpska. They formed a joint league and a common professional association. Moreover, the two entities already fielded a joint team in the Olympic games in 2000 and maintain a single basketball federation. Yet, even this apparent reconciliation failed to prevent the outpouring of hostilities.

Nor is football-related aggression confined to zealous nationalists. Slovak fans taunted black English players Emile Heskey and Ashley Cole with racist slogans in October last year. The vast majority of the crowd - and the medical teams on the sidelines - balefully recited "monkey, monkey" at the top of their lungs for minutes on end.

Quoted by Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Michal Vesecka, a research fellow with the Slovak Institute for Public Affairs, linked the abuse to problems in cultural development and identity:

"Slovakia is a country that is the most ethnically heterogeneous in Central Europe, but the 'culture of tolerance' is not as well developed [here] as in the European Union, or even with respect to neighboring countries like the Czech Republic and Hungary ... [Slovakia] is still a country that is trying to solve its own identity problem, and precisely [during] such times, the people are relatively aggressive toward those people who are different."

Add to this combustible mixture crumbling economies and all-pervasive disillusionment and the spillover to football is hardly a surprise. The game is an inseparable part of daily life in many of these polities where life is unbearably drab, economic opportunities are rare and cultural diversions even scarcer.

For instance, football associations offer a cornucopia of sinecures to cronies and relatives of all degrees and colors. Hence the high turnover and ubiquitous venality which characterize these murky bodies.

Both UEFA and FIFA have warned the Azerbaijan Football Federation Association that it must settle a five years old simmering dispute or else face the suspension of all financial aid and, ultimately, expulsion. AFFA's president Fuad Musaev refuses to go, despite pressure from the government above and at least nine clubs below. This resulted in a boycott by said disgruntled of the national football championship and a feeble attempt to organize an alternative.

05:27 AM, February 25, 2009 .. 0 comments .. Link

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